Top 10 Tube Mysteries

Photo by Cowfish

The tube is a source of many things; fascination, urban legend and unanswered questions. We’ve been scratching our heads over underground oddnesses for so long that we’ve worn our nails right down. So we’ve decided to throw out some of our tube mysteries to Londonist readers in the form of a top 10. The only thing we really struggled with was how to keep the list to 10.

1. Who was Inspector Sands?
Anyone with even a passing familiarity with the tube and Google will know that a call over the tannoy for ‘Inspector Sands’ means a fire alert in the station. The fount of all tube knowledge, Going Underground, says that the name originated from a theatre evacuation code. But was the Inspector ever a real person and how did the name make the jump from theatre to underground?

2. How long is a tube minute?
You’re waiting on the platform. You glance up at the board and it says there’s one minute until your next train. You go back to your book but when you look again the board still says one minute. Have TfL discovered a glitch in the space/time continuum and are they fearlessly exploiting it to disguise delays? Is there a cunning bit of gadgetry that keeps the sign at one minute until the train reaches a certain point in the tunnel? Inquiring minds need to know. The same goes for the trains marked ‘Special’.

3. Was Jerry Springer really born on a tube platform?
According to the man himself, he was born in East Finchley tube station during the second World War, but TfL say that there have only been three recorded births on the underground; one in 1924, then two more in 2008 and 2009. We bet no-one offered them a seat either. So, since the redoubtable Mr Springer is neither 87 nor under five that qualifies as a mystery for us.

4. Does each line really have its own sub-species of mosquito?
A mozzie genetically different from those above ground was discovered some years ago in the tunnels. While not quite a separate species, the subterranean form is well on its way. People sheltering in stations during the second World War found themselves being used as a food source for the little biters. Researchers from Queen Mary and Westfield College also found small genetic differences between mosquitoes living on different tracks, a phenomenon ‘attributed to draughts created by trains dispersing the insects along, but not between, Tube lines’. It would be ace if each breed matched the colour of the line it lived on, but that’s probably unlikely.

5. What are the greatest hazards to Tube workers?
We’d like to think it’s something interesting like subterranean monsters à la Creep, abandoned crocodiles or Croup & Vandemar. The truth is more prosaic. Anyone who works on the network must pass a written exam to show they’ve fully understood the hazards. These include obvious dangers such as live rails, but also Weil’s disease from rat urine, and discarded needles (sometimes left maliciously). In reality, the chief hazard is probably aggressive customers.

6. What is ‘Private Rod’?
Going Underground has been trying to find out the meaning of this enigmatic sign for the last two years. For the uninitiated, Embankment station has a door marked ‘private rod’, the purpose for which apparently even LU staff don’t know. It’s clearly something which has sparked people’s interest – there’s even a Facebook page on it. A tube geek of our acquaintance suggests that if there is a brick wall behind the door as suggested by some LU staff that it could cover an old tunnel which is even more intriguing. Otherwise, perhaps Private Rod reports to Inspector Sands?

7. How much fluff do fluffers collect each evening?
Each night, the tube tunnels are cleaned of ‘fluff’, the various dust and detritus that accumulates from the bodies of millions of daily customers. Those responsible for the clean up are called ‘fluffers’. London Transport Museum’s website shows a photograph of a group of ‘fluffers’ from 1955 using brushes to sweep up the fluff. According to Ianvisits, a kind of industrial vacuum cleaner is now used. Information about actual quantities seems to be thin on the ground.

8. Has anyone ever witnessed people putting amusing stickers on tube maps?
These things pop up every once in a while. Most recently, it was the Central line which saw some station names being changed for no discernible reason. The thing is, no-one ever seems to see them do it. Are the culprits especially gifted at sleight-of-hand? Or do they just wait until the train is empty before deploying their stickers? The same goes for the Brooke Shields alphabet graffitist who created a minor mystery sensation then seemed to disappear overnight.

9. What happens if you step on the live rail?
The short answer would be a swift death by electrocution. A slightly less short answer would be a swift death by electrocution if you complete the circuit by touching the ground or the track rail. Being slightly squeamish, we didn’t delve too far into the actual effects on one’s body of undertaking such a foolhardy activity and thankfully, that is still a mystery to us. Answers on a postcard, please.

Photo by Beth Torr

10. What the Dickens are those blue rectangular signs with white numbers for?
These little fellows are dotted all over the Tube network. We’re led to believe that they’re code numbers for the emergency services, making it easier for rescuers to orient themselves in smokey conditions. The top number on each sign denotes the level below ground, while the remaining numbers define a location on that level. So we’re told. We can’t find any more details online. Any further information welcome.

 

  • http://twitter.com/ianvisits IanVisits

    I can confirm #10 is correct – based on being told by LU’s “sticker hater in chief”, Mike Ashworth on a tour of a tube station once.

  • http://LondonRemembers.com LondonRemembers

    Those numbers.  There are similar intriguing numbers on bridges and lampposts.  Rather boringly I think they are for maintenance.  ”Change the bulb on No. 5248″ is easier than “change the bulb on the second one after the junction but before the pub.”

    • Funinuk!

      Those
      numbers represent where CBS Outdoor or other advertisers can place ad panels.
      Each number represents either an individual ad or a portion of a longer one
      such the CrossTrack panels. All these ads are planned out months in advance so
      when the time comes to install the posters, the installer knows exactly where
      to place it. They can of course be used for engineers/maintenance as well.

      • Adam L

        That makes sense, seeing as you see similar numbers on bus stops, too.

    • Funinuk!

      Those
      numbers represent where CBS Outdoor or other advertisers can place ad panels.
      Each number represents either an individual ad or a portion of a longer one
      such the CrossTrack panels. All these ads are planned out months in advance so
      when the time comes to install the posters, the installer knows exactly where
      to place it. They can of course be used for engineers/maintenance as well.

    • Funinuk!

      Those
      numbers represent where CBS Outdoor or other advertisers can place ad panels.
      Each number represents either an individual ad or a portion of a longer one
      such the CrossTrack panels. All these ads are planned out months in advance so
      when the time comes to install the posters, the installer knows exactly where
      to place it. They can of course be used for engineers/maintenance as well.

  • Anonymous

    My understanding of the “tube minute” is that it is actually a measure of _distance_ rather than time. So a train that is one minute away would arrive in one minute if running normally, but would be perpetually one minute away if not moving.

    • Tim

      Correct, which meant Northern line minutes could be longer than Bakerloo ones.
      I think they have some sort of real time updating now.

  • Coldcoffee

    Yep, just to confirm what the LondonRemembers said – those numbers aren’t just for the emergency services, they’re for everyone. If you’ve got a station with 35 rooms in it, you need some way of uniquely referring to each room. The architects and builders need it, and then the station staff need it to run the station.

    As for question 9, wearing rubber-soled brother creepers you may well be just fine!

  • http://twitter.com/zefrog Nicolas Chinardet

    Thanks to Twitter and @jonmhill:twitter who apparently completed station training and was told by “one of our station staff trainers“, ROD (in number 6) means: Risk of Death.

    • Tim

      It means Railway Operating Department.
      Risk of death would have one of those lightening flash type of signs with the little man falling over.

  • Martin Deutsch

    I’d like to know what’s kept in this box.

    • Nick Triviais

      From http://www.trainweb.org: Gap Jumper – Portable connecting leads often provided at locations where there are a number of current rail gaps due to a complex junction.  The leads are provided with a plug at one end to allow connection with a receptacle box on a train, and with contact shoes at the other end to allow them to be placed on the current rails.  If a train becomes “gapped”, the gap jumper is used to connect a car on the train to nearby current rails.  They are awkward to use and need care to restart the train without dragging the leads or running over them.  Sometimes called gap leads.

      • Beth Torr

        That’s a shame. I was imagining some kind of helpful remedy for those days when you get halfway to work and realise you hate what you’re wearing. 

      • Marc Dickson

        You are very helpful Nick!

    • David Cantrell

      Gappes are a type of bat that came over to the UK with soldiers returning from the Napoleonic wars, and which later found a perfect home in the tube tunnels. They occasionally get blown out of tunnels by trains, hence the “mind the gappe” announcements at stations with nearby gappe nests.

      An emergency gappe jumper is, obviously, for the RSPCA to treat the poor mites if they ever get blown out into the open air, as they can no longer cope with the cold.

  • http://london-underground.blogspot.com/ Annie Mole

    On 2 – “Special” Tube trains feature pretty heavily in Neil Gaiman’s Neverwhere where people in the parallel London “London Below” use them as normal trains.  Still no idea what makes them Special are on our London though. 

    • Lester Mak

      I remember when I was a schoolkid, special trains on the Piccadilly Line were nothing more than trains heading to the depot (probably because it was faulty). Nowadays the dot-matrix boards typically just say “not in service”.

    • Lester Mak

      I remember when I was a schoolkid, special trains on the Piccadilly Line were nothing more than trains heading to the depot (probably because it was faulty). Nowadays the dot-matrix boards typically just say “not in service”.

    • Adam L

      It means that either they’re not going to a “standard” destination; like a Victoria Line train terminating at Oxford Circus, or a Central Line train terminating at East Acton, or it refers to the fact that the train isn’t going to stop because it’s broken or somesuch. TransPlant trains are designated “Special.”

    • http://jasonbstanding.com Jason B. Standing

      Ooh! I saw a “Special” go through a Central Line station recently-ish.  I must admit, I didn’t need to be on the platform, but stuck around to be nosey (wow, I’ve changed…).  And, uselessly, I didn’t get a picture of it because my phone died at the least opportune moment.

      But anyway – the “Special” I saw was a reeeeallly long string of flattish “bucket” carriages loaded up with rubble.  I’d assumed it was something to do with getting debris out from the Crossrail dig.  So odd to see something different going by the platform though!

    • http://jasonbstanding.com Jason B. Standing

      Ooh! I saw a “Special” go through a Central Line station recently-ish.  I must admit, I didn’t need to be on the platform, but stuck around to be nosey (wow, I’ve changed…).  And, uselessly, I didn’t get a picture of it because my phone died at the least opportune moment.

      But anyway – the “Special” I saw was a reeeeallly long string of flattish “bucket” carriages loaded up with rubble.  I’d assumed it was something to do with getting debris out from the Crossrail dig.  So odd to see something different going by the platform though!

  • http://twitter.com/AlexPlim Alex Plim

    This is a fascinating article!

  • Anonymous

    That box is awesome.

  • http://twitter.com/rocio_carvajalc Rocio Carvajal C.

    In my experience a tube minute can last between 2 to 8 minutes (surface time).

  • http://twitter.com/simonjary Simon Jary

    I always presumed that Inspector Sands referred to the sand that was used to put fires out.

    • Beth Torr

      Oh, good one. I hadn’t considered that.

    • http://www.flickr.com/cakehole cakehole

      Mr Sands seems to be a standard fire code. They were using it in the shopping centre where my brother did a Saturday job back in the 80s

      • http://twitter.com/johnnyfoxlondon JohnnyFox

        Definitely it’s from the sand-filled buckets that used to hang on the walls of the stations – but I was told “will Inspector Sands please report to the control room” is only stage 1 of a fire alert indicating that one smoke detector or alarm has been triggered, usually accidentally (or the system is being tested), and that there are three more before total evacuation and the LFB engines at street level.  Anyone know what the others are?

      • adgesap

        I used to work backstage in an outer London theatre, and we were instructed that a call over the Tannoy to alert would be “Would Mr Sands please report to…” and then the location of the fire.  All hands to that point with fire extinguishers, or buckets of sand, which you can still find.

    • http://www.flickr.com/cakehole cakehole

      Mr Sands seems to be a standard fire code. They were using it in the shopping centre where my brother did a Saturday job back in the 80s

  • http://twitter.com/nettlingham Mark Nettlingham

    I’ve always wondered what the sliders on the platform edge are for (might just be overground platforms though). Also, what the pressure gauges are for below some tube seats…

    • Adam L

      I always assumed the sliders were something to do with rail height. As they use ballast the sleepers do have a tendency to walk about a little bit. I’ve seen them on mainline rail stations too.

      The pressure gauges are for the compressed air which is used to open doors and such.

      • A261bj

        They are braking pressure rather than door controls. You can watch them flip to zero when the brakes are released, go to high levels to slow the train, and stick at a lower level to hold the train stationary.

  • Mel

    I also heard that the code name Sands originated from the sand buckets that were used to put out fires. Wikipedia says the same. The code was used so as not to cause panic amongst public. I have been both at London Bridge and Waterloo (I think it was) when they put this message over the tannoy – when you know what it means it makes you nervous! They were just tests, but still … 

    • http://twitter.com/ctrlalt_delight Laura Bellamy

      Well, the original Globe burnt down during a performance of Henry VIII, which has a character called Lord Sands. The sand bucket theory sounds more believable to me. 

    • http://twitter.com/ctrlalt_delight Laura Bellamy

      Well, the original Globe burnt down during a performance of Henry VIII, which has a character called Lord Sands. The sand bucket theory sounds more believable to me. 

    • http://twitter.com/ctrlalt_delight Laura Bellamy

      Well, the original Globe burnt down during a performance of Henry VIII, which has a character called Lord Sands. The sand bucket theory sounds more believable to me. 

  • alice

    When, years ago, I worked in gift shop at Shakespeare’s Globe, I was told that the Inspector Sands thing comes from the play that was running when the original Globe burnt down, which had a character called Lord Sands in it. This might have been staffroom talk – I’d love to know if it’s true.

  • alice

    When, years ago, I worked in gift shop at Shakespeare’s Globe, I was told that the Inspector Sands thing comes from the play that was running when the original Globe burnt down, which had a character called Lord Sands in it. This might have been staffroom talk – I’d love to know if it’s true.

  • David

    In view of the huge number of people who sheltered in Tube stations during the War, it would be surprising if no babies were born there from 1939-1945 – including possibly Mr Springer. I suspect that births during ‘shelter time’ just weren’t recorded. 

  • David

    In view of the huge number of people who sheltered in Tube stations during the War, it would be surprising if no babies were born there from 1939-1945 – including possibly Mr Springer. I suspect that births during ‘shelter time’ just weren’t recorded. 

    • Marc Dickson

      I had also heard that Jerry Springer was born whilst sheltering from an air raid. Problem with this is… East Finchley is an above ground station!

      • Guest

        Jerry Springer wa born on Highgate Station, not East Finchley

  • Pippo

    It depends which rail you step on. The running rails won’t kill you; and the negative juice rail (the middle one) mightn’t. Try to avoid treading on the positive juice rail, though. It’s usually the one furthest from the platform, conveniently.

    • Adam L

      Aren’t both rails floating, though? Such that if you tread on one it’ll be grounded through you and you’ll be fine. Of course, if someone grounds one rail and you step on the other you’re toasted…

      • George

        The trouble is is that the voltages used are so large that the current can literally ‘jump’ so even if you are on just one rail, you probably will die as he current will jump from you to the other rail

        • jip

          The voltages used on the underground aren’t large enough to allow the electricity to jump a great distance. The +420V and -210V are considered low voltage (

      • George

        The trouble is is that the voltages used are so large that the current can literally ‘jump’ so even if you are on just one rail, you probably will die as he current will jump from you to the other rail

      • George

        The trouble is is that the voltages used are so large that the current can literally ‘jump’ so even if you are on just one rail, you probably will die as he current will jump from you to the other rail

  • Pippo

    It depends which rail you step on. The running rails won’t kill you; and the negative juice rail (the middle one) mightn’t. Try to avoid treading on the positive juice rail, though. It’s usually the one furthest from the platform, conveniently.

  • Anonymous

    Stickers on the Central Line!

    https://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/Stickers-on-the-Central-Line/206875552665937

    These are BRILLIANT.

    Mystery #11: Are those blue stars on just SOME Victoria line trains, ALL Victoria Line trains, or do I just happen to get the exact same Victoria line train every morning?

    • Beth Torr

      Have you got a pic, Dianne? I’ve never seen those!

    • Jo

      The blue stars are on the Bakerloo line as well!

    • Tube girl

      The blue stars are an indication of where the shoes are on the train, in case they need to be lifted. They were on all the old Victoria line trains and are on the baker loo as the trains are basically the same.

  • G Bowtell

    I would have thought it more likely that PRIVATE ROD is actually a sign indicating that the room is Private as it is the location of the Running Operations Desk.  Risk of Death is possible, but I think LUL likes its Health and Safety notices to be clearer.

  • G Bowtell

    I would have thought it more likely that PRIVATE ROD is actually a sign indicating that the room is Private as it is the location of the Running Operations Desk.  Risk of Death is possible, but I think LUL likes its Health and Safety notices to be clearer.

  • Jungle Expat

    In answer to number 9…. the “live” rails carry a current of +420V DC (centre rail) and -210V DC (outside rail – which is almost always moved to the opposite side from the platform when in a station), thus giving you a potential difference of 630 volts, which is the posted running voltage of tube trains.

    If you were to step on either rail and earth yourself out with something, a few interesting (depending on your point of view) things would happen. You would more than likely stick to it (unlike an AC socket, such as you have in your home, which would probably fling you across the room) and thus be receiving quite a lengthy shock. The voltage / current in itself would not kill you directly; rather its effects would: your bodily fluids would separate (9 parts water, 1 part blood, and the blood would “float” on top, giving you an extreme headache, bright red face and imminent unconsciousness (if you hadn’t gone that way already)); said fluids would then boil, pretty much, stewing you gently from the inside and to top it all off, you would be neatly paralysed, including those useful muscles that keep you breathing, so if you haven’t taken your last breath just yet, you will shortly, since you will be suffocating.

    Cheerful stuff, isn’t it?

    • Tim

      I worked on LUL for 20 years & I never heard of -210 VDC, we were told that outside in the open the positive rail could be 750 VDC.
      The voltage isn’t the problem, it’s the ampage that is & the negative rail tends to be dangerous if a train is in section returning current.
      Think of a 12 VDC car battery for comparison.
      The running rails can or used to have 50 V signalling current & if the ampage was high enough, that could kill you.
      DC doesn’t always lock you to the rail, having myself been eletrocuted by it & seen others do it or heard their stories.
      It can boil the water out of you though given the right circumstances, I know of one story where a woman was decapitated by a train, the body was fine but the head was a dry skull.

      • Jungle Expat

        Tim, many of the things you have said are absolutely true, but I’ll clarify my point slightly! :-)

        Out in the open air, there could be up to 750VDC, if tracks are shared with London Overground or any National Rail services in the old “Southern” region (anything south of the Thames or the Northern City Line on FCC, or anything that doesn’t use 25kVAC overhead). The posted running voltage (potential difference) on the tube is (currently) 630VDC, but the new S Stock will (when it is in use on all surface lines) be running at 750VDC. At the moment, they are coping at 630VDC, since the A, C and D stock would flash over at 750V!

        I did check with a colleague at the LUL ERU (Emergency Response Unit) today and he confirmed my description of the management of the voltage.

        You are, however, quite correct in stating that it is all about the current / ampage. At school, we probably all played with a Van de Graaf generator (the silver dome thing with the spinning belt inside, that made your hair stand on end!), which could probably produce around 450kV; industrial ones have been seen to produce up to 25.5MV in fact (source: Wikipedia); the point is, the current is tiny and cannot realistically harm you. Of course, the operating current on the underground is quite a bit beefier than that!

        Current up to 10mA will give you a nasty tickle, 10-100mA will induce severe breathing difficulties, paralysis and severe pain, while 100-200mA will most likely induce cardiac arrest. Above 200mA, very interestingly, the extreme muscle contractions the patient will experience are seen to prevent the heart from going into Ventricular Fibrillation (VF), which is a cardiac arrest rhythm, and the patient’s chances of survival are good (source: Ohio State University). The patient will have severe burns, which may require extensive treatment.

        I support the message of “don’t step on any rail” however!

    • Tim

      I worked on LUL for 20 years & I never heard of -210 VDC, we were told that outside in the open the positive rail could be 750 VDC.
      The voltage isn’t the problem, it’s the ampage that is & the negative rail tends to be dangerous if a train is in section returning current.
      Think of a 12 VDC car battery for comparison.
      The running rails can or used to have 50 V signalling current & if the ampage was high enough, that could kill you.
      DC doesn’t always lock you to the rail, having myself been eletrocuted by it & seen others do it or heard their stories.
      It can boil the water out of you though given the right circumstances, I know of one story where a woman was decapitated by a train, the body was fine but the head was a dry skull.

  • Tim

    Number 9, a swift death is not guaranteed but might happen.

  • Tim

    Number 9, a swift death is not guaranteed but might happen.

  • Tim

    Number 1, I worked on the Underground for 20 years & never came across the expression “Inspector Sands”, we had different ways of dealing with it, we called it “Smouldering” even if it was 6 feet high.
    There used to be no PA or fire alarms, most of that was fitted after the King’s Cross fire.
    We had fire buckets of sand & water on stations, the trains had extinguishers but don’t now, whereas the stations now do.

  • psammead

    Just finished a book – London Under by Peter Ackroyd – which said that the Inspector Sands code is used when someone throws themselves on the track in front of a train… Is this wrong then?

  • Dogearedandfurry

    Just pointing out that when reading about the fluffers, I automatically thought of the other occupation that is called a fluffer. Google at your own peril – probably not safe for work!

    (and this wasn’t found out through experience – I have Sleep Talkin’ Man’s blog to thank for educating me on what a fluffer was…)

  • Guest

    “Has anyone ever witnessed people putting amusing stickers on tube maps?”
    Not the map but yes I’ve seen someone putting up fake stickers on the train. The man got on at Morden and systematically went through the entire train. Being half asleep I didn’t realise they were fake until later but by then I was in the tunnel and it was too late to call BTP.

  • Traindriver_41

    1) The Inspector Sands message is used when there is an emergency evacuation. All staff would be aware of this, if the announcement was simply along the lines of  ”Evacuate, the station is on fire, etc,..” there would be a blind panic and possible crushes in the foot tunnels and exits.  
     
    9) Simply stepping on any DC live rail (whether the negative or the positive) in the wet or dry with rubber soled footwear, as long as the sole is not cracked or damaged and the inside of your shoe is not wet, shoudn’t cause you any problems. I work on live tracks and have seen others casually step on live rails all the time with no consequences.  

  • Ross Corben

    The LUL minute is nothing compared to National Rail when you can be standing on a platform under an ‘Arrived’ message and there’s nowt there; maybe the new trains are ghost trains.

  • Kbash

    Why would anyone “shelter” at East Finchley” it is a Northern Line station above ground. Not very effective in an air raid i suspect.

  • Glyn1

    “Not very effective in an air raid…”  But a lot better than staying out in the open where you’re at risk from shrapnel etc.